What causes pulmonary oxygen toxicity?

Pulmonary oxygen toxicity is primarily caused by prolonged exposure to elevated oxygen partial pressures. When divers breathe oxygen at higher-than-normal levels for extended periods, it can lead to a series of harmful physiological effects on the lungs. This condition arises because oxygen, at elevated pressures, can generate reactive oxygen species that damage the lung tissue, leading to inflammation, edema, and in severe cases, can result in serious respiratory issues.

Understanding the mechanism behind this is crucial for divers, as it emphasizes the need for proper monitoring of depth and oxygen levels while diving with nitrox or pure oxygen. The risk significantly increases with longer durations spent at higher partial pressures of oxygen, making it essential for divers to be aware of their exposure limits to avoid the adverse effects associated with oxygen toxicity.