What can excessive buildup of CO2 during a dive lead to?

Excessive buildup of carbon dioxide (CO2) during a dive can lead to decreased cognitive function due to the physiological effects it has on the body. CO2 is a byproduct of respiration, and when levels of this gas become elevated, it can create a state of hypercapnia. This condition can cause confusion, impaired judgment, decreased concentration, and overall cognitive decline. The nervous system is highly sensitive to CO2 levels, and elevated concentrations can interfere with normal brain function.

Maintaining proper ventilation and avoiding situations that might lead to CO2 buildup is essential for divers to ensure their cognitive abilities remain intact throughout the dive. This is why it's crucial for divers to be aware of their breathing patterns and the importance of using equipment that allows for effective gas exchange, particularly when using enriched air nitrox, which is designed to lower nitrogen levels but necessitates caution with oxygen and CO2 management.